5.Operators in C Programming l C Tutorials for beginers #5

Operator in C Programming

ans: An operator is nothing but a symbol which tells the compiler to do specific mathematical operation.

Types Of Operator in C Programming

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Conditional Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Special Operators

Arithmetic Operator

Operator	Description	Example
+	Adds two operands.	A + B = 50
−	Subtracts second operand from the first.	A − B = -30
*	Multiplies both operands.	A * B = 600
/	Divides numerator by de-numerator.	B / A = 25
%	Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division.	B % A = 0
++	Increment operator increases the integer value by one.	A++ = 5
--	Decrement operator decreases the integer value by one.	A-- = 7

Relational Operator

Operator	Description	Example
==	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not. If yes, then the condition becomes true.	(A == B) is not true.
!=	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not. If the values are not equal, then the condition becomes true.	(A != B) is true.
>	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true.	(A > B) is not true.
<	Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true.	(A < B) is true.
>=	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true.	(A >= B) is not true.
<=	Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true.	(A <= B) is true.

Logical Operator

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.	(A && B) is false.
||	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non-zero, then the condition becomes true.	(A || B) is true.
!	Called Logical NOT Operator. It is used to reverse the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make it false.	!(A && B) is true.

Bitwise Operator

A	B	A & B	A | B	A ^ B
0	0	0	0	0
0	1	0	1	1
1	1	1	1	0
1	0	0	1	1

Operator	Description	Example
&	Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.	(A & B) = 12, i.e., 0000 1100
|	Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.	(A | B) = 61, i.e., 0011 1101
^	Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.	(A ^ B) = 49, i.e., 0011 0001
~	Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.	(~A ) = -61, i.e,. 1100 0011 in 2's complement form.
<<	Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	A << 2 = 240 i.e., 1111 0000
>>	Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	A >> 2 = 15 i.e., 0000 1111

Conditional Operator

it work same as if else statement we will read if else statement in our next chapter.

           syntax:

ConditionalExpression ? expression1 :expression2

The conditional operator works as follows:

• The first expression conditionalExpression is evaluated at first. This expression evaluates to 1 if it's and evaluates to 0 if it's false.
• If conditionalExpression is true, expression1 is evaluated.
• If conditionalExpression is false, expression2 is evaluated.

example:

#include <stdio.h>

main()
{
   int a , b;

   a = 10;
printf( "Value of b is %d\n",(a==1)?20:30);

printf( "Value of b is %d\n",(a==10)?20:30);
}

Óutput of the above program is:

Value of b is 30 Value of b is 20

Assignment Operator in C

ans: This operator is used to assign a value to a variable.

Operator	Example	Same as
=	a = b	a = b
+=	a += b	a = a+b
-=	a -= b	a = a-b
*=	a *= b	a = a*b
/=	a /= b	a = a/b
%=	a %= b	a = a%b

example of Assignment Operator:

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
    int a = 3, c;

    c = a;
    printf("c = %d \n", c);

    c += a; // c = c+a
    printf("c = %d \n", c);

    c -= a; // c = c-a
    printf("c = %d \n", c);

    c *= a; // c = c*a
    printf("c = %d \n", c);

    c /= a; // c = c/a
    printf("c = %d \n", c);

    c %= a; // c = c%a
    printf("c = %d \n", c);

   }

Output:

c = 3 
c = 6
c = 3 
c = 9
c = 3 
c = 0

Special Operator in C

Operator	Description	Example
sizeof()	Returns the size of a variable.	sizeof(a), where a is integer, will return 4.
&	Returns the address of a variable.	&a; returns the actual address of the variable.
*	Pointer to a variable.	*a;

Operator precedence in C Program

Category	Operator	Associativity
Postfix	() [] -> . ++ - -	Left to right
Unary	+ - ! ~ ++ - - (type)* & sizeof	Right to left
Multiplicative	* / %	Left to right
Additive	+ -	Left to right
Shift	<< >>	Left to right
Relational	< <= > >=	Left to right
Equality	== !=	Left to right
Bitwise AND	&	Left to right
Bitwise XOR	^	Left to right
Bitwise OR	|	Left to right
Logical AND	&&	Left to right
Logical OR	||	Left to right
Conditional	?:	Right to left
Assignment	= += -= *= /= %=>>= <<= &= ^= |=	Right to left
Comma	,	Left to right

 * C programs operator:-

1. # include<stdio.h>

# include <math.h>

int main(){

    int a = 4;

    int b = 8;

    printf("The value of a + b is: %d\n", a + b);

    printf("The value of a - b is: %d\n", a - b);

    printf("The value of a * b is: %d\n", a * b);

    printf("The value of a / b is: %d\n", a / b);

    int z;

    z = b * a; // legal

    //b * a = z; // Illegal

    printf("The value of z is: %d\n", z);

    printf("5 when divided by 2 leaves a remainder of %d\n", 5%2);

    printf("-5 when divided by 2 leaves a remainder of %d\n", -5%2);

    printf("5 when divided by -2 leaves a remainder of %d\n", 5%-2);

    // No operator is assumed to be present

    //printf("The value of 4 * 5 is %d\n", (4)(5)); --> Will not return 20/ Wrong!!

    printf("The value of 4 * 5 is %d\n", (4)*(5));

    // There is no operator to perform exponentiation in C

    printf("The value of 4 ^ 5 is %d\n", 4^5); // -> Will not produce 4 to the power 5

    printf("The value of 4 to the power 5 is %f\n", pow(2, 5)); 

    printf("The value of 6 + 5 is %d\n", 6 + 5);

    printf("The value of 6 + 5.6 is %f\n", 6 + 5.6);

    printf("The value of 6.1 + 5.6 is %f\n", 6.1 + 5.6);

    printf("The value of 5/2 is %d\n", 5/2);

    printf("The value of 3.0/9 is %f\n", 3.0 / 9);

    return 0;

    

}

2.#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int x = 2;

    int y = 3;

    printf("The value of 3*x - 8*y is %d \n", 3*x - 8*y);

    printf("The value of 8*y / 3*x is %d \n", 8 * y / 3 * x);

    // 8*3 /3*x = 24/6 will give wrong answer

    // 24/3*2

    // 8*2

    // 16

    return 0;

}

3.#include<stdio.h>

int main(){

    // int a; int b=a;

    // int v = 3^3;

    // char dt = '2';

    // float d = (3.0/8-2);

    // printf("%d\n", v);

    // printf("%f\n", d);

    // Q3. Write a program to determine whether a number is divisible by 97 or not

    int num;

    printf("Enter the number\n");

    scanf("%d", &num);

    printf("Divisibility test returns: %d\n", num%97);

    // Q4. Step by step evaluation of 3*x/y-z+k

    int x = 2, y=3, z=3, k=1;

    int result = 3 * x / y - z + k;

    // 6/3 - 3 + 1

    // 2 - 3 + 1

    // 2 - 3 + 1 

    // 0

    printf("The value of result is %d", result);

        return 0;

}